
The first European (Pakeha) visitors to the south were sealers. Whaling was the next industry and Riverton was established as a base by John Howell in 1836. Early Kai Tahu and European interaction was peaceful and lead to natural intermarriage between Pakeha and Māori. Mixed-race settlements were formed around whaling bases, including Port Molyneux, Tautuku and Waikawa, but like their quarry these were to soon disappear.
In 1888, there were 300 Chinese gold miners based at Canton, New Zealand’s largest and southern-most Chinese settlement. They were drawn to the area by a gold rush at Round Hill in the Longwoods.
Sawmills have been an important part of the South’s history. From axes and bullocks the industry developed sophisticated, steam-powered haulers, locomotives and mills. The Owaka River was also a site of immense activity – in 1872 more timber left the Owaka River than any other South Island port. In the 1920s the mill at Port Craig was the largest in the country.